Author Archives: kathrynwelds

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About kathrynwelds

Organizational Psychologist | Change Consultant | Leadership and Career Coach | Thought Partner | Accountability Ally | Creating value by connecting people, information, and ideas, to accomplish strategic results Professional experience spans roles as an organizational psychologist, coach, consultant, leader in technology, healthcare, professional services, public sector.

Women Don’t Ask for Raises or Promotions as Often as Men

Linda Babcock

Linda Babcock

Linda Babcock‘s 2011 research at Carnegie-Mellon University identified one possible reason for the oft-reported pay gap between genders: Women don’t ask for raises as often as men
They wait to be offered a salary increase, a promotion, to be assigned the task or team or job that they want.

Researchers note that this type of unsolicited offer rarely occurs.
The study found that when women do ask, it can lead to others finding them “too demanding and aggressive.”

This trend was demonstrated when researchers showed people videos of a man and a woman each asking for a raise, following the same script.
Viewers of both genders reported similar negative perceptions of women who requested promotion.

The study reviewed approaches to help women improve their negotiation skills without challenging “preconceived notions about appropriate gender behavior.”

Some critics note that this analysis doesn’t consider larger scale inclusion and diversity interventions, such as resources offered by NCWIT.org to guide design and launch of merit-based systems for hiring, promoting, and managing women and other underrepresented groups.

*How likely are you to ask for a salary increase or promotion?
-*What factors do you consider before making a request for more more or an expanded role?

©Kathryn Welds

Detect and Mitigate Decision Biases

Sydney Finkelstein
Sydney Finkelstein

Sydney Finkelstein, Jo Whitehead and Andrew Campbell of Dartmouth’s Tuck Business School, posit that leaders make decisions largely through unconscious neural processes in their book and Harvard Business Review article, Think Again: Why Good Leaders Make Bad Decisions and How to Keep it from Happening to You

• Pattern recognition
• Emotional tagging.

Although these processes are usually effective “heuristics” that enable quick and often prudent decisions, pattern recognition and emotional tagging can be distorted by biases including:

• Self-interest
• Emotional attachments to a position
• Misleading memories derived from inaccurate generalizations from dissimilar previous situations

The authors articulate common-sense recommendations to detect and mitigate “red flags” to decisional bias, echoing conclusions from much-earlier research on “GroupThink” more than four decades ago:

• Enlist the perspective of an independent person to identify which decision makers are likely to be affected by self-interest, emotional attachments, or misleading memories

• Develop safeguards and oversight mechanisms in organizational governance processes

• Alert decision-makers to possible sources of bias

• Build in opportunities to analyze, “spar”, challenge, decisions

-*What approaches do you use to detect and neutralize your potential biases in decision-making?

©Kathryn Welds

“Contemplative Neuroscience” Can Modify Brain Functioning

Richard Davidson

Richard Davidson

Richard Davidson, professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says disorders like depression and anxiety can be changed with brain training.

He is an award-winning researcher in neuroplasticity, the process by which the brain’s adaptable, transformative capabilities are deployed.
Davidson asserts that this intentional transformation is enabled by contemplative cognitive practices, including meditation to increase moment-to-moment consciousness.

Davidson distinguishes the neural and behavioral consequences of various contemplative practices, and argues for their positive impacts on physical health for both beginning and experienced practitioners.

His recent research demonstrated that even meditation-based interventions delivered online can produce behavioral and neural changes.
He explained that the field of epigenetics investigates how genes are regulated by the environment, including the neural milieu.

Davidson suggested that contemplative practices can modify the neural environment, and revealed that neurally-inspired behavioral interventions (NIBI) can invoke greater change than any currently-known pharmacological intervention.

He detailed research studies of expert practitioners of contemplative practice, both in the US and in India. He discussed the work showing the link between brain and heart, citing work of Francisco Varela in “neurophenomenology”.

He cited results comparing the impact of training in compassion training (visualizing suffering and wishing freedom from suffering for loved one, self, stranger, difficult person, all beings with the thought: “May you be free from suffering. May you experience joy and ease,” while noticing visceral sensations around the heart) vs cognitive reappraisal training.

Daniel Goleman

Daniel Goleman

He collaborated with his Harvard University graduate student colleague, Daniel Goleman, now known as the originator of the term, “Emotional Intelligence,” to produce a book on Consciousness: the Brain, States of Awareness, and Alternate Realities .

-*How have you used contemplated practices to evoke personal change in attitudes or behaviors?

LinkedIn Open Group – Mindful Leadership:
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
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©Kathryn Welds

Business Storytelling = Trance Induction?

Jonathan Brill

Jonathan Brill

Jonathan Brill of Prolific.com asserts that storytelling in sales situations can be memorable, evocative, and often persuasive because stories engender:

• Trust-credibility
• Engagement-interest-attention
• Comprehension
• Transformation
• Vision
• Sharing

Brian Sturm

Brian Sturm

Brill referred to a model of storytelling developed by Brian Sturm, a professor at University of North Carolina’s School of Information and Library Science, who Sturm asserts that storytelling induces a “qualitatively different state of consciousness”, like “a light trance.”

Sturm surmises that trance can be induced ”when stories begin with paradoxical or nonsensical premises that engage both the more logical functions associated with the ‘left brain’ and non-verbal, emotive, creative elements associated with the ‘right brain’.”

He observes that stories “create an immersive, powerful world” that the listener may “struggle to gain access.”
In addition, stories “organize information” to “connect data points.”

Sturm notes that stories convey emotions and opportunities to learn from the example of winners and losers, so stories can build a sense of community and the capacity for empathy through shared experience.

He presents a seven-stage model of the Storylistening Experience in this video.

Mike Bonifer

Mike Bonifer

Brill also drew on Mike Bonifer’s discussion of the difference between “Newtonian narrative” vs “Quantum narrative,” which aligns to the distinction between a linear, logical, rational story in contrast to an organically emerging story suffused with emotion, imagery, and metaphor.

Like Sturm, Bonifer sees story as a way to organize information, and he adapts theatrical improvisation methods to business environments.
Bonifer sees improvisation as a “narrative engine” in the context of his ‘Five Act’ methodology for business consulting:

-Listen
-Connect
-Collaborate
-Adapt
-Perform

-*Where have you seen business stories induce “trance”?

LinkedIn Open Group – Mindful Leadership
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
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©Kathryn Welds

“Tour of Duty” Career Model

Reid Hoffman

Reid Hoffman

Reid Hoffman, venture capitalist and entrepreneur behind such Silicon Valley start-ups as Facebook, PayPal, LinkedIn, Zynga, suggests “a tour of duty as a model for…composing work and a career” in his 2012 book with Ben Casnocha, The Start-up of You: Adapt to the Future, Invest in Yourself, and Transform Your Career

He proposes asking “What’s the right next step — stay in this job, do another job for the company or do a good job at another company?

In conversation Ethan Mollick, Wharton management professor, Hoffman recommends the intersection among “my assets”, “my aspirations”, and “the market realities” to identify career focus.
He advocates taking “intelligent risks” while “thinking a lot about ‘What are the risks?’, ‘What your variations are in Plan B?’”

As the co-founder of LinkedIn, a leading social network for business connections and job searching, he considers networking as “a mutual alliance…you help each other.”
Providing mutual benefit is a key for sustained relationship building for business success, according to Hoffman.

-*How do you develop a “Plan B” when taking “intelligence career risks”?

LinkedIn Open Group – Women in Technology (sponsored by EMC)
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
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©Kathryn Welds

Self-Marketing: Improve your PVI: Sharpen Perception, Increase Visibility, Exert Influence

Joel Garfinkle

Joel Garfinkle

Joel Garfinkle emphasizes the importance of making your accomplishments and contributions visible to peers and executive: Self-marketing as a career development strategy in his book, Getting Ahead: Three Steps to Take Your Career to the Next Level

His extroverted persona encourages even the most introverted professional to speak up and showcase work contributions to guide career development instead of waiting to be noticed among a field of many able contributors.

-*What practices are effective and acceptable to increase professional visibility?

LinkedInOpen Group – Women in Technology (sponsored by EMC)
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
Google+
Facebook Notes:

©Kathryn Welds

Developing “Charisma” and “Presence”

Olivia Fox Cabane

Olivia Fox Cabane

Olivia Fox Cabane integrated research findings from social psychology and neuropsychology with principles of Emotional Intelligence and “Practical Buddhist Philosophy” in her book, The Charisma Myth: How Anyone Can Master the Art and Science of Personal Magnetism

She concluded that charismatic behaviors are based on managing internal state and beliefs through self-awareness to focus on others and “make them feel good.”

She found that “charisma” or “presence” is composed of:

•Presence – mindful attention, patient listening, avoiding interruption

•Power – appearance, clothing, occupy space, positive wording (avoid “don’t”), placebo effect

•Warmth – chin down, eye contact, Duchenne smile (mouth corners, eye corners), gratitude, compassion, appreciation – counteract “hedonic adaptation”

•Goodwill – wishing the other person well

•Empathy – understanding the other’s experience

•Altruism

•Compassion – a combination of empathy+goodwill

•Forgiveness of self and others

•Self-compassion – self-acceptance. Positively correlated with emotional resilience, sense of personal responsibility, accountability, sense of connectedness, life satisfaction, positive relationships with others, self-confidence, willingness to admit errors, low self-pity, low depression, low anxiety, improved immune system functioning

•”Metta” – loving kindness to self, others

Fox Cabane offered three “quick fixes” to increase your “charisma”:

•Lower the intonation of your voice at the end of your sentences (no “Valley Girl talk”…)
•Reduce the speed and rapidity of nodding
•Pause for two seconds before you speak

-*When you see a charismatic person in action, what behaviors and attitudes add to the interpersonal impact and appeal?

©Kathryn Welds

3P Marketing to Define, Communicate Personal Brand

Rita Allen

Rita Allen

Rita B. Allen defines 3 Ps Marketing to create personal brand and effectively market yourself in an increasingly competitive, global employment landscape.

.Preparation:
-Conduct self-assessment and “due diligence”
-Define brand differentiators and subject matter expertise
-Articulate positioning statement (“elevator pitch”)
-Curate your professional network

.Packaging:
-Create your portfolio (resume, CV, performance reviews, awards, presentations, articles, references, testimonials, community and professional service, continuing education)
-Expand alliances with relevant thought leaders

.Presentation:
-Practice and refine delivery of your brand message
-Develop strong active listening, presentation, and interpersonal skills
-Continuously enhance your brand

This approach helps answer:
• What are your “value-adds”, your unique differentiators?
• What is your personal brand?
• How comfortable are you articulating your brand?
• How do you continuously enhance your brand?

-*What elements do you consider when communicating your personal brand?

LinkedIn Open Group – Social Media Marketing
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
Google+
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©Kathryn Welds

Five Elements to Construct a Good Story

Robert Dickman

Robert Dickman

Robert Dickman and Richard Maxwell weigh in on storytelling as a business persuasion tool in their book, The Elements of Persuasion: Use Storytelling to Pitch Better, Sell Faster & Win More Business

Richard Maxwell

Richard Maxwell

They discuss storytelling as a persuasion method in this four minute video

They assert that a high-impact story contains the following elements:

1) Passion conveys authenticity, and makes the story memorable

2) Protagonist or hero (which might be an individual, group, or community) can be respected, liked, and engages and inspires interest, caring

3) Antagonist presents a challenge to the Protagonist, and this conflict engages interest and caring about the characters and outcome

4) Awareness, in which the protagonists, antagonists, and observers learn something, the kernel of the story’s dramatic impact

5) Transformation, or meaningful change during the story

Nancy Duarte

Nancy Duarte

These elements have also been identified by well-known story experts including Nancy Duarte, whose books, Resonate and slide:ology, have been best-sellers.

Annette Simmons

Annette Simmons

Annette Simmons  is another expert whose book, Whoever Tells the Best Story Wins: How to Use Your Own Stories to Communicate with Power and Impact, has garnered attention.

Jonah Sachs

Jonah Sachs

Jonah Sachs’ 2012, Winning the Story Wars: Why Those Who Tell (and Live) the Best Stories Will Rule the Future, weaves together examples from various disciplines including marketing, advertising, classic mythology, as well as psychology and biology.

He characterized it as “a call to arms”, but its more practical contribution is highlighting the transformative power of social media in contemporary story-telling aimed at influencing and persuading.

-*What elements have you seen in stories that have most persuaded and motivated you?

LinkedIn Open Group – Stanford Social Innovation Review
Twitter: @kathrynwelds
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©Kathryn Welds